Friday, May 1, 2015

“Positive Impact of Information and Communication Technology Based Services in Library in Digital Era”



“Positive Impact of Information and Communication Technology Based Services in Library in Digital Era”
                                                                                            Ramanik S.Lengure                                                                                                                         ( Librarian)
                                                                                Renuka Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur
                                                                                      ramaniklengure@gmail.com
                                                                                                                              
Abstracts:
            The article aims to give an overview of the changes in library, which have taken place in the recent era due to the dynamic innovation and widen horizons of information and communication technologies (ICT) and show how these changes have influenced services aspect of the library. The Present paper emphasizes and endeavors to broaden the Positive impact of the ICT based services in Library. Information Communication Technology has functionally affected the operations of library and information services and this is also huge impact on the Library
Keywords: Information Communication Technology         
Introduction:
            Everyday new technological advances affect the way information is handled in libraries in every aspect. Computing technology, communication technology and mass storage technology are some of the areas of continuous development that reshape the way that libraries access, retrieve, store, manipulate and disseminate information to users. The academic library has been from its inception an integral part of institutions of higher learning, rather than an appendix or adjunct.
            ICT has one of the major factor causing changes in the field of Library and Information Science which people or user can communicate, retrieve and disseminate and used information.  Libraries and information centers have been using ICT based resources and services to satisfy the diverse information needs of their users.  However, these resources and services are not utilized fully.  Under utilizations of these resources and services has been a cause of concern to libraries worldwide.  The use of information and communication technologies has become increasingly important in libraries.  The libraries are switching over to ICT based resources and services at an accelerated pace.  E-Journals, CD-Rom, databases, online databases, e-book, web based resources and a variety of other electronic resources are fist replacing the traditional resources of libraries.
            Privation and universalization shall be the other social partner. This is wave brought forward by different emerging technologies, which are often interactive, interdependent and diffusive, information techlology, computer, communication, microelectronics, Genetic engineering, Biotechnology and space technology are worthy to name.[1]
                        The last two decades have witnessed a revolution caused by the rapid development Information and Communication Technology (ICT). ICT has changed the dynamics of various industries as well as influenced the way people interact and work in the society.



            The various kinds of ICT products available and having relevance to education, such as teleconferencing, email, audio conferencing, television lessons, radio broadcasts, interactive radio counseling, interactive voice response system, audio cassettes and CD ROMs etc have been used in education for difference purposes.[2]
            Information Communication Technology (ICT) is unanimously acknowledged as a significant catalyst for social transformation and National progress of any country.
            The role of ICT is diverse in the delivery of good and highly competitive in all the four areas of education. It cannot be separated from any of the areas. Increasingly available ICT materials facilitate the Lerner as well as the teacher to enhance their horizon of knowledge in order to meet out the challenging competitive educational environment. Curriculum for the various levels should be modified in accordance with the changing ICT environment.[3]
            Information and Communication Technology is the combination of science and technology and practice of transmitting information. In a specific sense, ICT means communication of information through technology, in which information is transmitted through electronic gadgets and signals. In this process, the information or message such as spoken works, photographs, live sense and sounds is first converted into signals and then transmitted through electronic links. The processing ICT permeates the library environment, it underpins the success of modern era, and it provide college with efficient infrastructure libraries must be able to benefit form technological development. To be able to do so, librarians have to be educated with hand with ICT background, ICT development lead to change in library work. ICT contributes to sustainable growth of library and their role in shift towards knowledge based societies.[4]
            Today the use of technology for processing information has become inherent part of our lives. With the advances of technology and motivation from the Government to use computers in resource learning.
            ICT does not involve the detailed study of computers nor it is the study of computer programming. It is the effective use of available information in its various forms with the help of communication tools and technology. New technology and tools are becoming available to us every day; it is an attempt to use the technology in library to enrich the teaching-learning process. 
Information:
Information is data that has been processed in such a way as to be meaningful to the person who receives it. [5]
Information Technology
IT (information technology) is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms (business data, voice conversations, still images, motion pictures, multimedia presentations, and other forms, including those not yet conceived). It's a convenient term for including both telephony and computer technology in the same word. It is the technology that is driving what has often been called "the information revolution."[6]
Communication:
            Communication is a process by which all forms of information are one person to other. So, for the communication to take place there must be some information to be conveyed and there must be two or more persons-one to deliver the massage and the



other to receive it. Communication is said to be perfect, only when the receiver understands it in the sense the sender expected him to understand.
            Dale S. Beach defines communication as “the transfer of information and understandings are reached among human beings.[7]

ICT - What is it?

You see the letters ICT everywhere - particularly in education. But what does it mean? Read our brief introduction to this important and fast-changing subject.

ICT is an acronym that stands for Information Communications Technology
However, apart from explaining an acronym, there is not a universally accepted definition of ICT? Why? Because the concepts, methods and applications involved in ICT are constantly evolving on an almost daily basis. Its difficult to keep up with the changes - they happen so fast.
Lets focus on the three words behind ICT:
- INFORMATION
- COMMUNICATIONS
- TECHNOLOGY
A good way to think about ICT is to consider all the uses of digital technology that already exist to help individuals, businesses and organisations use information.
ICT covers any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmits or receives information electronically in a digital form. For example, personal computers, digital television, email, robots.
So ICT is concerned with the storage, retrieval, manipulation, transmission or receipt of digital data. Importantly, it is also concerned with the way these different uses can work with each other. [8]
            Information technology can play an important role in the effective learning process of students. The term ICT describes the use of computer based technology and the internet to make information and communications services available to wide a range of users. ICT are hardware and software that enable society to create, collect, consolidate and communicate information in multimedia formats and for various purposes.  The term is used broadly to address a range of technologies, including telephones and emerging technology devices.  Central to these is the internet, which provides the mechanism for transporting data in a number of formats including text, images, sound and video.
ICT Metamorphosis Concept:-
            It’s a new coming and growing digital concept. It is a digital, Technical, It related, Computer related.  Information and Communication technologies(ICTs)- which include radio and television, as well as newer digital technologies such as computers and the Internet-have been touted as potentially powerful enabling tools for

educational change and reform.  When used appropriately, different ICT are said to help expand access to education, strengthen the relevance of education to the increasingly digital workplace, and raise educational quality by, among others, helping make teaching and learning into an into an engaging, active process connected to real life. So it’s a metamorphosis.
Information Communication Technology:
            ICT is becoming a part and parcel of human life. The discoveries and inventions in science and technology have improved the speed of communication. By making use of available tools, ICT is helping common man to fulfill his needs. It has become integral part of new era.
Importance of ICT:
            ICT referrers to forms of technology that are used to transmit, store, create, share or exchange information.
E.g. : ICT includes technologies such as radio, television, video, DVD, telephone satellite systems, computer network, hardware and software, as well as the equipment and services associated with these technologies, e.g. Video conference, electronic mail, etc.
In short we can say exchange of information through communication technology is ICT. From the above definitions following are the six important elements of ICT-
                      People, Communication, Procedure, Hardware, Software

Concept of ICT
Computer Technology                                              Computer Technology




Sender
Data Creation
 Printed Material
Data Creation



Receiver
Data Collection
Scanner
Data Collection
Process
Telephone
Process
Storages
Web Camera
Storage
Retrieving
Radio, TV
Retrieving
Presentation
Internet
Presentation
[9]
Needs of ICT in Libraries:
            According to Arora, the following are some of the essential application of ICT in libraries.
1.      IT Facilities wider access to information for the users.
2.      It increases productivity of library staff. It relieves staff from routine work.
3.      IT improves quality of reader services rendered by library.
4.      IT handle effective and efficient a huge quantum of information.
5.      IT helps in rendering those services that was not possible in traditional methods.
6.        IT facilitates improved management of physical and financial resources. [10]
Existing Users and New Challenges:
            ICT itself is the set of activities that facilitate by electronic means the processing, transmission, and display of information. ICT has become a powerful tool in the fight against world poverty, providing developing countries with an unprecedented opportunity to meet vital development goals, such as poverty reduction, basic health care, and education, far more effectively than before.


            Information era, digital computer and networking have changed the economy concept to the economy with no boundary in time and space. This phenomenon is called as digital economy or economy network. ICT brings lot of advantages for the economic development enabling millions of transactions to happen in an easy and fast way.[11]
Information and Communication Technology Tools / (Sources)
            The 21st century has clearly shown that information provides unforeseen opportunities that enable multifaceted growth and development.  Nobody can deny that the deployment of information technologies have profoundly altered not only the way we live and work but also our reading fundamentally altering and redefining our outlook about information and its modes of dissemination
The term is something is used in preference to Information Technology, particularly in two communities, education and government.  Although, in the common usage it is often assumed that ICT is synonymous with IT; ICT in fact encompasses any medium to record information.
Microform Storage Cabinet, Telnet, File Transfer Protocol, Newsgroups and message Boards, Chatting, Instant Messaging, Mailing Lists, WAIS, Gopher, ARCHIE, VERONICA, USENET, Microfilm Machine (reader com printer), Xerox Copying Machine, Film Slide Projector, Computer, Fax Machine, Printer (Black & While / Color), V.C.R., Television, Overhead Projector, PCs, Laptops, Inverter, Net book, CD-ROMs, Video-discs, Telephone, Internet, Scanner, U.P.S., Radios, Cable TV., Satellite Communication, Local and Wide area Networks, Computer Laptop, Printer, Plotter, WI-FI Connection, Digital Cameras, Web-Cameras, Video-Conferencing System, CD/DVD, Audio-Cassettes, Video-Tapes, LCD, Wireless Networks, Video Multimedia, Video Tapes, Computer, Internet, Digital Camera, Webcam, Smart Card, Scanner, E-Book, Printer, Electronic Journals, WEB-OPAC, Animation, CDROM, DVD etc.
Suggestion: About ICT Based Services through College Library

Information about the Fax/Xerox should  be made available through college library
Information about the Television should  be made available through college library
Information about the Mobile Phones should  be made available through your college library
Information about the Computer should  be made available through your college library
Information about the Internet should  be made available through your college library
Information about the Digital Camera is available through your college library
Information about the Webcam should  be made available through your college library
Information about the Smart Card should  be made available through your college library
Information about the Scanner should  be made available through your college library
Information about the E-Journals should  be made available through your college library
Information about the E-Book should  be made available through your college library
Information about the Web-OPAC should  be made available through your college library
Information about the RFID-Technology should  be made available through your college library
Information about the Telephone should  be made available through college library
Information about the Web Camera should  be made available through college library
Information about the Radio should  be made available through college library
Information about the Artificial Satellite should  be made available through college library
Information about the Satellite System  should  be made available through college library
Information about the Computer Network is made available through college library
Information about the Video Conferencing is made available through college library
Information about the Audio Cassettes should  be made available through college library
Information about the Video Tapes  should  be made available through college library
Information about the Audio & Video CDs should  be made available through college library
Information about the e-learning Facilities should  be made available through college library
Information about the Wireless Network should  be made available through college library
Information about the Wi-FI Technology should  be made available through college library
Information about the Blue tooth Service is made available through college library
Information about the Blogs should  be made available through college library
Information about the Telephone should  be made available through college library
Information about the Internet should  be made available through college library
Information about the video should  be made available through college library
Information about the DVD should  be made available through college library
Information about the Computer Networks should  be made made available through college library
Information about the Video-conferencing should  be made available through college library
Information about the E-mail should  be made available through college library
Information about the World Wide Web should  be made available through college library
Information about the Web should  be made available through college library
Information about the Audio-Cassettes is made available through college library
Information about the Video-tapes is made available through college library
Information about the Audio-Video CDs is made available through college library
Information about the Multimedia Videos should  be made available through college library
Information about the E-learning should  be made available through college library
Information about the Wireless Networks should  be made available through college library
Information about the Online Forum should  be made available through college library
Information about the Online Conferences should  be made available through college library
Information about the Online reference service should  be made available through college library
Information about the Electronic Current Awareness should  be made available through college library
Information about the OPAC is made available through college library
Information about the Electronic ILLS should  be made available through college library
Information about the Electronic Bulletin Board is made available through college library
Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Library & Its Services:
            Libraries in India are facing sweeping changes on account of Impact of Information, Communication and Technology application in Libraries.  They are programming well in automating the house keeping operation if Libraries, such as automated circulation system, acquisition of books, e-books, acquision of periodicals, web pages and refining old services and starting fresh ones.
            ICT’s Areas of Applications in Libraries:
Users Record, Reports, Issue-Return, Articles Record, Portals, Planning & Controls, Costing & Budget, Locating Information, E-mail, OPAC
What is the Impact of ICT on the Library?
o   ICT made in information creation in digital format possible
o   ICT made online access and file transfer possible
o   ICT made networking and sharing of information resources possible
Impact of ICT on Library Services:
Ø  Advent of Printing Technology
Resulted in mass production of print documents and enabled democratization of information (availability of information to one and all without any discrimination)
Ø  Storage
            Help the Libraries to preserve the large number of information in compact storage.
Ø  Reprographic Technology
Revolutionized the concept information use as it facilitated to own a copy of relevant portion of Library resource
Ø  Computer






The advent of computer is the biggest technology revolution so far. It has not remained as stand alone technology by adopting communication & technology development.

1)      Collection development
ICT has made it possible to acquire Information source such as books, journal, newspaper etc. easily and speedily. Most of publication and their catalogue can be searched from the Librarian for new publication. The acquisition In charge can place their order.

2)      Technical processing
Libraries provide their OPAC to the use Book search. Due to Information Technology number of Libraries is having their catalog online. The library staff can check the bibliographic

3)      OPAC
An Online Public Access Catalog is an online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. Users search a library catalog principally to locate books and other material physically located at a library.

4)      Circulation:
Due to new technology users can check their documents easily. IF the document is relevance to the user available the same can be issued to the users. If not available then it may to reserve. The document can be issued electronically by making use of bar code strip or RFI technology.
Resource Sharing
Due to increasing cost of the document and non-availability of enough funds, libraries are unable to provide each and every material to its users. But due to ICT library solved this problem. The user can search the OPAC of other libraries or may ask the Librarian to provide the desired document. Once he/she is able to search it. He/she can request that library to give the document on Inter-Library-Loan.
Positive Impact of ICT Based Services:
Its  provide greater and easier access information. Its allows access to computers and the internet for everybody, so that a divide does not built up between those who do not possess computers. It’s give access to digital learning materials, which are set to increase in both quality and quantity. To provide staff expertise to seek out information or learning materials-staff become skilled gatekeepers not just of printed sources but of the digitized ones too. Its assist people to develop their Information Communication Technology skill for accessing information. To identify and understand the function of main component of a typical information and or communication system as well as to identify and understand the function. It maintain an effective staff development programs to ensure that Information Communication Technology staff continue to develop necessary skills to provide high quality services and support [12]
In library services provides with ICT
            With the help of ICT Students interacts with the Information programme.



All other aspects of library programme which have not been enforced in the formal instructional system untouched by both learner and users.
            ICT has provided new media, new modes of storing and communication information. ICT   brought many services t library to speed up their activities. It helps to remove barriers of communication, distance and time. The advances in technology will continue to improve the effectives of libraries. Help to transfer data to communication network like interne anywhere. It provides enormous search speed and facilities. It helps to strengthen communication and collaboration among research, government and educational institutions. The world wide librarians made their catalogues available online which have online public catalogues (OPAC) generally available free of cost these are useful for finding books not available locally to identify and select books for local acquisition, bibliography data verification and to search holding of periodical and monographs. These can be access through telnet, gopher, and the World Wide Web. The available information present in the libraries can be fed to home page and made available to users anywhere [13]
            ICT reduce labor and save time of staff and users too.  LAN provides cost effectiveness in various services and allows secured resource sharing through link to a variety of different communication devices.  Internet and E-mail system enable the students and scholars to remote access, worldwide communication among library and information science societies has become easy with the help of E-mail.
            The world wide librarians made their catalogues available online which have online public access catalogues (OPAC) generally available free of cost these are useful for finding books not available locally to identify and select books for local acquisition, bibliographic data verification and to search holding of periodical and monographs.  These can be accessed through telnet, gopher and the World Wide Web.  Many OPACs have full text databases; libraries can use these databases to queries form patrons.  With the emergence of ICT the areas library are expanded world.  The available information present in the library can be feed to homepage and made available to users anywhere.
            ICT has provided new media, new modes of storing and communicating information.  ICT brought many services to library to speed up their activities.  It helps to remove barriers of communication, distance and time.  The advances in technology will continue to improve the effectiveness of libraries.  It helps to transfer data through communication network like internet anywhere.
            Some of the advantages information technology includes:
a.       Easy to father different library activities.
b.      Collaboration and creation of library networks
c.       Avoid repetition of efforts within a library
d.      Increase the range of services offered
e.       Save the time of users
f.       Increase efficiency
g.      Speedy and easy access of information.
h.      Improve the quality of library services
i.        Enhance the knowledge and experience
j.        Integration within the organizations

k.      Improve the status of the library
l.        Improve the communication facilities
m.    More stable
n.      Helps to attract the users
o.      Remove access to users
p.      Round the clock access too users
q.      Access unlimited information from different sources
r.        More up to date information
s.       Information flexibility to the users
t.        Reforming and combining of data  from different sources
u.      Reduce the workload of the library staff      
Conclusion:
    1. Present paper very useful  for library
    2. ICT based service performance in library is very positively
    3. Positive  ICT based services is very useful for library developing
    4. Positive ICT based services is very useful to library development
    5. It is very necessary to make the changes in library by using these latest technologies.
    6. Library and information services can’t lag behind and also require changing to the tune of the progress of the civilization, keeping in view the requirement of time, technological developments and global change.
    7. ICT has greatly affected the information environment.  Librarian must have the knowledge, skills and tools in handling digital information and that will be the key success factor in enabling the library to perform its role as an information support system for society.
    8. Information Communication Technology has functionally affected the operations of library and information services and this is also positively great impact on the education and training of the users and library teachers on various levels.
    9. The paper presents the some of the positive challenges and advantage of ICT for libraries, library services and development in very effectiveness.

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